Aug 4, 2023 · What is Codeine Phosphate-Promethazine HCl? Codeine Phosphate-Promethazine HCl is a combination medicine used to treat cold or allergy symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, and cough. Codeine Phosphate-Promethazine HCl contains an opioid (narcotic) cough medicine, and may be habit-forming. Codeine Phosphate-Promethazine HCl may also be used ... Oxycodone (OxyContin, Roxicodone, Oxaydo, Xtampza ER) and codeine are both narcotic pain relievers. Both are also used as cough suppressants similar to morphine and hydrocodone. Both are potentially addictive and cause withdrawal symptoms. Similar side effects of oxycodone and codeine include lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation, nausea, vomiting, constipation, dry mouth, itching, and rash.after a dosage increase. if you are older. if you have an existing lung problem. The side effects of codeine are similar to those of other opioids, and include: constipation. headache or dizziness. fatigue or drowsiness (especially soon after a dose) loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. Always take medicines exactly as prescribed your doctor. Pharmacological properties of promethazine. Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative and a histamine (H1) receptor antagonist that is commonly used for symptomatic relief of nausea and vomiting, for allergic conditions, motion sickness and common cold, and for short-term use treatment of insomnia in adults or as a paediatric sedative ().Codeine and morphine were detected in the milk of both subjects with peak codeine levels in milk occurring 1 hour after the dose. The peak codeine milk level was 455 mcg/L in the first subject and about 450 to 550 mcg/L in the second. The half-life of codeine in breastmilk was 2.5 hours. Morphine milk levels were 16 mcg/L and 9 mcg/L 1 hour ...Promethazine Hydrochloride and Codeine Phosphate Syrup is a prescription medicine used to temporarily treat cough and upper respiratory symptoms that you can have with allergies or a common cold. Promethazine Hydrochloride and Codeine Phosphate Syrup contains 2 medicines, promethazine and codeine. Promethazine is an antihistamine.In the early 1990s, several studies reported the misuse of codeine and promethazine hydrochloride cough syrup. Since then, the combination of this pharmaceutical, together with sprite or alcohol, known on the streets as "purple drank" or "lean", has become a popular drug among rap singers who promot …Promethazine HCl and Codeine Phosphate Oral Solution exposes patients and other users to the risks of opioid addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death. Reserve Promethazine HCl and Codeine Phosphate Oral Solution for use in adult patients for whom theAdults and children 12 years of age and older—5 milliliters (mL) (1 teaspoonful) every 4 to 6 hours. Do not take more than 30 mL in 24 hours. Children 6 to 11 years of age—2.5 to 5 mL (0.5 to 1 teaspoonful) every 4 to 6 hours. Do not take more than 30 mL in 24 hours. Children younger than 6 years of age—Use is not recommended. Missed DoseAug 4, 2023 · Promethazine 6.25 mg/ Codeine 10 mg per 5 mL: Average effective dose: 5 mL orally every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Maximum dose: 30 mL (promethazine 37.5 mg; codeine: 60 mg) in 24 hours. Comments: Liquid preparations should be measured with an accurate milliliter measuring device. Uses: Temporary relief of coughs and upper respiratory symptoms ... Promethazine Dosage and Administration Administration. Administer orally, rectally, or by deep IM injection. Also administered by IV injection. However, FDA states that deep IM injection is the preferred method for administration of promethazine hydrochloride injection because of risks associated with IV administration (see Warnings Regarding Parenteral Administration under Boxed Warning).Codeine Information. Codeine is an opioid pain reliever used to treat mild to moderately severe pain. It is also used, usually in combination with other medications, to reduce coughing. Codeine is ...See full list on drugs.com Aug 1, 2023 · Descriptions. Promethazine and codeine combination is used to relieve cough, runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, or other symptoms caused by allergies or the common cold. Promethazine is an antihistamine. It works by preventing the effects of a substance called histamine, which is produced by the body. Histamine can cause itching, sneezing, runny ... Promethazine HCl and Codeine Phosphate Oral Solution exposes patients and other users to the risks of opioid addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death. Reserve Promethazine HCl and Codeine Phosphate Oral Solution for use in adult patients for whom theNHS medicines information on codeine – what it's used for, side effects, dosage and who can take it.Feb 13, 2023 · Codeine is a medication used in the management and treatment of chronic pain. It is in the opioid class of medications. This activity outlines the indications, action, and contraindications for codeine as a valuable agent in treating chronic pain and off-label use in cough, persistent diarrhea, and restless leg syndrome. In addition, this activity will highlight the mechanism of action ... Like other opioids, codeine can be toxic in large amounts. Symptoms of an opioid overdose include: bluish fingernails and lips. confusion. breathing problems, such as slow and labored breathing ...NHS medicines information on codeine – what it's used for, side effects, dosage and who can take it. Jan 10, 2021 · Pharmacological properties of promethazine. Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative and a histamine (H1) receptor antagonist that is commonly used for symptomatic relief of nausea and vomiting, for allergic conditions, motion sickness and common cold, and for short-term use treatment of insomnia in adults or as a paediatric sedative (). PROMETHAZINE; CODEINE (proe METH a zeen; KOE deen) treats the symptoms of the common cold, allergies, or flu. It works by reducing cough, a runny or stuffy nose, and red, itchy eyes. It is a combination of an antihistamine and an opioid cough suppressant. This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist ...Codeine and promethazine es una medicina combinada se usa para el tratamiento de los síntomas del resfrío o alergias como nariz mocosa, estornudos, y tos. Codeine and promethazine contiene una medicina opioide (narcótico) para la tos, y puede crear hábito. . Codeine and promethazine puede también usarse para fines no... Long-term use of opioid medication may affect fertility (ability to have children) in men or women. It is not known whether opioid effects on fertility are permanent. Common side effects include ...NHS medicines information on codeine – what it's used for, side effects, dosage and who can take it.Hycofenix, Rezira (hydrocodone, pseudoephedrine, guaifenesin) Tussionex, Pennkinetic, Vituz (hydrocodone, chlorpheniramine, pseudoephedrine) Generic combinations of hydrocodone and homatropine. Giving prescription cough medicines to kids or teens is dangerous. They can slow their breathing to dangerous levels and can even be fatal.Lean is a very sweet drink that blends soda with cough syrup containing codeine. Some formulas also add candy or sweetening syrup. Users may also mix in promethazine, which is an antihistamine ...Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution is a combination of codeine, an opioid agonist; and promethazine, a phenothiazine, indicated for the temporary relief of cough and upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergy or the common cold in patients 18 years of age and older.Promethazine Hydrochloride and Codeine Phosphate Syrup is a prescription medicine used to temporarily treat cough and upper respiratory symptoms that you can have with allergies or a common cold. Promethazine Hydrochloride and Codeine Phosphate Syrup contains 2 medicines, promethazine and codeine. Promethazine is an antihistamine. Mar 24, 2023 · If you are 65 or older, use promethazine and codeine with care. You could have more side effects. The chance of very bad side effects may be higher in children. This may be more likely to happen in children who have breathing problems. Deadly breathing problems have happened with the use of codeine in some children. The codeine in Promethazine VC with Codeine can cause newborns to experience withdrawal syndrome, which is life-threatening for infants. Withdrawal syndrome is a condition that develops when Promethazine VC with Codeine crosses through the placenta and causes the unborn baby to become dependent on the medication.Jan 10, 2021 · Promethazine is a phenothiazine medication that blocks the signals in your brain and body causing you to experience cold and allergy symptoms like a runny nose and sneezing. Codeine is an opioid medication that works in your brain to lessen your urge to cough. Common codeine side effects include: feeling dizzy or drowsy; nausea, vomiting, stomach pain; constipation; sweating; or. mild itching or rash. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.Promethazine and codeine combination is used to relieve cough, runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, or other symptoms caused by allergies or the common cold. Promethazine is an antihistamine. It works by preventing the effects of a substance called histamine, which is produced by the body.Dec 12, 2022 · For all patients taking this drug: This drug has an opioid drug in it. Opioid drugs can put you at risk for addiction, abuse, and misuse. Misuse or abuse of this drug can lead to overdose and death. If you have questions, talk with your doctor. This drug may cause very bad and sometimes deadly breathing problems. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only. codeine and protriptyline both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. promethazine and protriptyline both increase QTc interval.Codeine is a drug in some prescription pain medicines. It is in the class of drugs known as opioids, which refers to any synthetic, semisynthetic, or natural drug that has morphine-like properties. Codeine overdose occurs when someone takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this medicine. This can be by accident or on purpose.Phenergan with Codeine (promethazine and codeine) is a combination of an antihistamine, sedative, anti-nausea drug, cough suppressant, pain reliever, and cough suppressant used to treat common cold symptoms and cough. Common side effects of Phenergan with Codeine include dizziness, restlessness, inability to sleep, palpitations, and changes in muscle tone and more. Withdrawal symptoms may ...Aug 1, 2023 · Descriptions. Promethazine and codeine combination is used to relieve cough, runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, or other symptoms caused by allergies or the common cold. Promethazine is an antihistamine. It works by preventing the effects of a substance called histamine, which is produced by the body. Histamine can cause itching, sneezing, runny ... Promethazine HCl and Codeine Phosphate Oral Solution exposes patients and other users to the risks of opioid addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death. Reserve Promethazine HCl and Codeine Phosphate Oral Solution for use in adult patients for whom the benefits of cough suppression are expected to outweigh the risks, and ...Codeine and promethazine es una medicina combinada se usa para el tratamiento de los síntomas del resfrío o alergias como nariz mocosa, estornudos, y tos. Codeine and promethazine contiene una medicina opioide (narcótico) para la tos, y puede crear hábito. . Codeine and promethazine puede también usarse para fines no... Aug 1, 2023 · Adults and children 12 years of age and older—5 milliliters (mL) (1 teaspoonful) every 4 to 6 hours. Do not take more than 30 mL in 24 hours. Children 6 to 11 years of age—2.5 to 5 mL (0.5 to 1 teaspoonful) every 4 to 6 hours. Do not take more than 30 mL in 24 hours. Children younger than 6 years of age—Use is not recommended. Missed Dose Promethazine is an antihistamine that relieves watery eyes, itchy eyes /nose/throat, runny nose, and sneezing. Codeine is an opioid cough suppressant ( antitussive) that affects a certain part...Codeine cough suppressants like promethazine/codeine should only be an option for short-term use — and only in adults. This type of cough syrup is available by prescription. However, it is a controlled substance and habit-forming. Best cough medicine for kidsApr 26, 2023 · codeine. Used for Pain. Codeine is an opioid pain medication that's taken by mouth and used to treat mild-to-moderate pain. Common side effects of codeine include constipation, itching, sleepiness, and dizziness. It's typically not a first-choice pain medication because it can lead to more serious harm, such as slowed breathing and addiction. Schedule 5 (V) Drugs. The drug has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs in schedule 4. The drug has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Promethazine with codeine syrup is indicated for the temporary relief of coughs and upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergy or the common cold. CONTRAINDICATIONS. The combination of promethazine hydrochloride and codeine phosphate is contraindicated in pediatric patients less than 6 years of age, because the combination may cause ...of codeine due to a CYP2D6 polymorphism. Promethazine HCl and Codeine Phosphate Oral Solution is contraindicated in children younger than 12 years of age and in children younger than 18 years of age following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). Avoid the use of Promethazine HCl and Codeine Phosphate Aug 29, 2023 · Codeine cough suppressants like promethazine/codeine should only be an option for short-term use — and only in adults. This type of cough syrup is available by prescription. However, it is a controlled substance and habit-forming. Best cough medicine for kids Jul 20, 2021 · Codeine is a drug in some prescription pain medicines. It is in the class of drugs known as opioids, which refers to any synthetic, semisynthetic, or natural drug that has morphine-like properties. Codeine overdose occurs when someone takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this medicine. This can be by accident or on purpose. This ... Codeine is a drug in some prescription pain medicines. It is in the class of drugs known as opioids, which refers to any synthetic, semisynthetic, or natural drug that has morphine-like properties. Codeine overdose occurs when someone takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this medicine. This can be by accident or on purpose.Anecdotal promethazine misuse/abuse reports have been confirmed by European Monitoring Agency data. Promethazine misuse/abuse appears to be an alarming issue, being associated with drug-related fatalities. Thus, healthcare professionals should be warned about a possible misuse of promethazine and be …Feb 1, 2023 · Acetaminophen/codeine oral solution. Each 5 mL of acetaminophen/codeine solution contains 12 mg of codeine and 120 mg of acetaminophen. The typical dose is 15 mL by mouth every 4 hours as needed. Do not take more than 3,000 mg to 4,000 mg of acetaminophen within a 24-hour period. Common codeine side effects include: feeling dizzy or drowsy; nausea, vomiting, stomach pain; constipation; sweating; or. mild itching or rash. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution is a combination of codeine, an opioid agonist; and promethazine, a phenothiazine, indicated for the temporary relief of cough and upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergy or the common cold in patients 18 years of age and older.Aug 1, 2023 · Codeine is used to relieve mild to moderate pain. It belongs to the group of medicines called narcotic analgesics (pain medicines). This medicine acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain. When codeine is used for a long time, it may become habit-forming, causing mental or physical dependence. However, people who have continuing ... May 2, 2014 · Promethazine with codeine syrup is indicated for the temporary relief of coughs and upper respiratory tract symptoms related to allergies or the common cold. What is promethazine used for? Promethazine is an antihistamine, similar to products available over-the-counter like Benadryl, Claritin, Zyrtec, and Allegra. Antihistamines are typically ... Promethazine Dosage and Administration Administration. Administer orally, rectally, or by deep IM injection. Also administered by IV injection. However, FDA states that deep IM injection is the preferred method for administration of promethazine hydrochloride injection because of risks associated with IV administration (see Warnings Regarding Parenteral Administration under Boxed Warning).In the early 1990s, several studies reported the misuse of codeine and promethazine hydrochloride cough syrup. Since then, the combination of this pharmaceutical, together with sprite or alcohol, known on the streets as "purple drank" or "lean", has become a popular drug among rap singers who promot … Promethazine HCl and Codeine Phosphate Oral Solution exposes patients and other users to the risks of opioid addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death. Reserve Promethazine HCl and Codeine Phosphate Oral Solution for use in adult patients for whom the benefits of cough suppression are expected to outweigh the risks, and ...Codeine is used to relieve mild to moderately severe pain, and it belongs to the drug class of opioid analgesics. Codeine has also been prescribed to prevent coughing, though the antitussive administration is most often in liquid formulations and in conjunction with other medications. ( 1, 2) The hepatic CYP2D6 enzyme metabolizes a quarter of ...Jul 20, 2021 · Codeine is a drug in some prescription pain medicines. It is in the class of drugs known as opioids, which refers to any synthetic, semisynthetic, or natural drug that has morphine-like properties. Codeine overdose occurs when someone takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this medicine. This can be by accident or on purpose. This ... Aug 4, 2023 · Promethazine 6.25 mg/ Codeine 10 mg per 5 mL: Average effective dose: 5 mL orally every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Maximum dose: 30 mL (promethazine 37.5 mg; codeine: 60 mg) in 24 hours. Comments: Liquid preparations should be measured with an accurate milliliter measuring device. Uses: Temporary relief of coughs and upper respiratory symptoms ... The most frequently reported codeine-containing medicines in the cases were acetaminophen with codeine used for pain, and promethazine with codeine (with or without phenylephrine) used for cough ... Promethazine Dosage and Administration Administration. Administer orally, rectally, or by deep IM injection. Also administered by IV injection. However, FDA states that deep IM injection is the preferred method for administration of promethazine hydrochloride injection because of risks associated with IV administration (see Warnings Regarding Parenteral Administration under Boxed Warning).Codeine / Promethazine HCl 10 mg - 6.25 mg / 5 mL Syrup Bottle 16 oz. CV Akorn 50383080416. Call Us. Medical professionals, medical facility employees 855.571.2100. Need help with SupplyManager? Descriptions. Acetaminophen and codeine combination is used to relieve mild to moderate pain. Acetaminophen is used to relieve pain and reduce fever in patients. It does not become habit-forming when taken for a long time. But acetaminophen may cause other unwanted effects when taken in large doses, including serious liver damage.Feb 6, 2023 · Phenergan is also found in combination with other medications such as phenylephrine (Prometh Hydrochloride), codeine (Prometh VC), or dextromethorphan (Promethazine DM) What is Phenergan? Phenergan belongs to a group of drugs called phenothiazines. It works by changing the actions of chemicals in your brain. Promethazine also acts as an ... Codeine / Promethazine HCl 10 mg - 6.25 mg / 5 mL Syrup Bottle 16 oz. CV Akorn 50383080416. Call Us. Medical professionals, medical facility employees 855.571.2100. Need help with SupplyManager? Aug 1, 2023 · Adults and children 12 years of age and older—5 milliliters (mL) (1 teaspoonful) every 4 to 6 hours. Do not take more than 30 mL in 24 hours. Children 6 to 11 years of age—2.5 to 5 mL (0.5 to 1 teaspoonful) every 4 to 6 hours. Do not take more than 30 mL in 24 hours. Children younger than 6 years of age—Use is not recommended. Missed Dose Like other opioids, codeine can be toxic in large amounts. Symptoms of an opioid overdose include: bluish fingernails and lips. confusion. breathing problems, such as slow and labored breathing ...Oct 26, 2021 · The codeine in Promethazine VC with Codeine can cause newborns to experience withdrawal syndrome, which is life-threatening for infants. Withdrawal syndrome is a condition that develops when Promethazine VC with Codeine crosses through the placenta and causes the unborn baby to become dependent on the medication. What is codeine and promethazine? Codeine and promethazine is a combination medicine used to treat cold or allergy symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, and cough. Codeine and promethazine contains an opioid (narcotic) cough medicine, and may be habit-forming. Codeine and promethazine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication ...Jan 19, 2022 · Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution is a combination of codeine, an opioid agonist; and promethazine, a phenothiazine, indicated for the temporary relief of cough and upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergy or the common cold in patients 18 years of age and older. Promethazine is a phenothiazine medication that blocks the signals in your brain and body causing you to experience cold and allergy symptoms like a runny nose and sneezing. Codeine is an opioid medication that works in your brain to lessen your urge to cough. What is Promethazine / codeine used for?Initial dose: 15 to 60 mg orally up to every 4 hours as needed. Maximum dose: 360 mg in 24 hours. Comments: Initial doses should be individualized taking into account severity of pain, response, prior analgesic treatment experience, and risk factors for addiction, abuse, and misuse. Doses higher than 60 mg have not been shown to improve pain ...Jun 23, 2020 · Long-term use of opioid medication may affect fertility (ability to have children) in men or women. It is not known whether opioid effects on fertility are permanent. Common side effects include ... Independently, Codeine and Promethazine are both depressants that largely affect the nervous system, and when they’re combined, the result is intense and euphoric sedation. In larger quantities, lean has been found to induce hallucinations and lucid dreams or nightmares; some artists have claimed it to assist in their creative process.Sep 20, 2012 · Codeine is used to relieve mild to moderately severe pain, and it belongs to the drug class of opioid analgesics. Codeine has also been prescribed to prevent coughing, though the antitussive administration is most often in liquid formulations and in conjunction with other medications. ( 1, 2) The hepatic CYP2D6 enzyme metabolizes a quarter of ...
Aug 1, 2023 · Codeine is used to relieve mild to moderate pain. It belongs to the group of medicines called narcotic analgesics (pain medicines). This medicine acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain. When codeine is used for a long time, it may become habit-forming, causing mental or physical dependence. However, people who have continuing ... . Fileupload
Sep 14, 2018 · Codeine is a prescription opioid, which is used as a pain reliever, and promethazine is an antihistamine. Both drugs have sedative effects and can produce feelings of drowsiness, mild euphoria and ... Lean, also known as purple drank, sizzurp, barre, and Texas tea, is a mixture of cough syrup, soda, hard candy, and sometimes alcohol. It contains codeine and promethazine, which evoke euphoria ...NHS medicines information on codeine – what it's used for, side effects, dosage and who can take it.Promethazine. Codeine is an effective pain reliever; however, it is addictive, may cause constipation, and its pain-relieving effects vary markedly between individuals. Codeine should only be used for pain relief... more. Promethazine may be used to relieve allergy symptoms and nausea. Sedation is the main side effect and it may interact with ... Aug 15, 2018 · 5.1 Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse. Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution contains codeine, a Schedule V controlled substance. As an opioid, Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution exposes users to the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse [see DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE (9)], which can lead to overdose and death [seeOVERDOSAGE (10)]. Promethazine and codeine combination is used to relieve cough, runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, or other symptoms caused by allergies or the common cold. Promethazine is an antihistamine. It works by preventing the effects of a substance called histamine, which is produced by the body.Jan 27, 2023 · Promethazine VC with Codeine Oral Solution is a combination of codeine, an opioid agonist; promethazine, a phenothiazine; and phenylephrine, an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist, indicated for the temporary relief of cough and upper respiratory symptoms, including nasal congestion, associated with allergy or the common cold in patients 18 years of age and older. of codeine due to a CYP2D6 polymorphism. Promethazine HCl and Codeine Phosphate Oral Solution is contraindicated in children younger than 12 years of age and in children younger than 18 years of age following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). Avoid the use of Promethazine HCl and Codeine PhosphateGeneric name: codeine / promethazine systemic Drug class: upper respiratory combinations. For consumers: dosage, interactions, side effects. For professionals: Prescribing Information. Expand current row for information about Hycodan Hycodan: 8.5 Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution is a combination of codeine, an opioid agonist; and promethazine, a phenothiazine, indicated for the temporary relief of cough and upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergy or the common cold in patients 18 years of age and older.Aug 1, 2023 · cough. darkened urine. darkening of the skin. diarrhea. difficult or trouble breathing. difficulty swallowing. dizziness. dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position. fainting. Aug 4, 2023 · What is codeine and promethazine? Codeine and promethazine is a combination medicine used to treat cold or allergy symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, and cough. Codeine and promethazine contains an opioid (narcotic) cough medicine, and may be habit-forming. Codeine and promethazine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication ... Promethazine HCl and Codeine Phosphate Oral Solution in adolescents 12 to 18 years of age who have other risk factors that may increase their sensitivity to the respiratory depressant effects of codeine. Promethazine and Respiratory Depression in Children Postmarketing cases of respiratory depression, including fatalities have been reported withAug 11, 2023 · Using promethazine, phenylephrine, and codeine for a long time during pregnancy may lead to withdrawal in the newborn baby. This can be life-threatening. Talk with the doctor. How is this medicine (Promethazine, Phenylephrine, and Codeine) best taken? Use promethazine, phenylephrine, and codeine as ordered by your doctor. Codeine belongs to the group of medicines called narcotic analgesics (pain medicines). It acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain. Phenylephrine is a decongestant. It works by narrowing the blood vessels and leads to the clearing of nasal congestion. Promethazine is an antihistamine..